采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算方法,研究了完整、含Mg原子空位及Pd原子掺杂三种MgH2(110)表面的氢脱附行为及其动力学,并从电子结构角度给出了表面空位/掺杂两类缺陷对其脱氢动力学的影响机制.结果显示:MgH2(110)表面六重配位的Mg原子位置是形成Mg空位或Pd掺杂的优先位置;相对于完整表面而言,Mg空位或Pd掺杂均极大地降低了MgH2(110)表面的氢脱附能垒,在一定程度上解释了MgH2纳米结构调制与催化掺杂可明显改善体系脱氢动力学的实验现象;电子结构分析发现,表面空位/掺杂缺陷的存在致使MgH2表面在费米能级附近能隙变窄、低能级区成键电子数减少,进而导致近表面的原子层稳定性降低,从而使得表面Mg-H间相互作用减弱.
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