采用共沉淀法制备了镁铝类水滑石(LDHs)前驱体,加入少量聚磷酸铵(APP)制得APP-LDHs,探讨了不同质量分数APP对LDHs晶体生长的影响;当APP在LDHs前驱浆液中添加量为0.8wt％时,将APP-LDHs与季戊四醇(PER)、硅烷偶联剂KH-550进行球磨混合,制备插层包覆改性的LDHs;通过XRD、FTIR、SEM和TG等对改性前后的LDHs进行了表征;采用极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧测试(UL-94)、缺口冲击和弯曲实验等方法研究了LDHs改性前后LDHs/聚丙烯(PP)复合材料的阻燃性能及力学性能的差异.研究结果表明:APP的加入,未显著影响LDHs的层板生长,但其层板堆叠受到抑制;SEM观察表明,所制备的LDHs为片状,且经插层包覆改性后的LDHs粉体形貌较为规整,颗粒粒径为100～250 nm;改性LDHs在较高温度下的热稳定性显著优于未改性的LDHs;当PP中加入质量分数为20％的LDHs及改性LDHs时,可抑制PP燃烧时产生的熔滴,并促使LDHs/PP复合材料表面形成炭层;改性LDHs/PP复合材料具有更好的阻燃性能,且其冲击强度、弯曲强度等力学性能下降不明显.
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