利用金相法、扫描电镜、透射电镜（TEM）等技术研究了镍基耐蚀合金材料固溶时效处理过程中,晶间和晶内大量产生的析出相对材料性能的影响。通过实际摸索试验,对不同温度固溶时效处理以及微观组织变化、析出相出现的条件分析,研究了组织的变化以及析出相对材料性能的影响。结果表明析出相的类型与数量明显受处理温度的影响,析出相大量在晶界产生,几乎呈网状结构;拉伸形貌表明有析出相的断口属于沿晶脆性断裂。结合镍基耐蚀合金在油气田的应用环境,研究了镍基耐蚀合金在酸性环境下的腐蚀性能。碳化物析出相使得晶界形成贫铬区,引起晶内与晶界电位的差异而发生点蚀,点蚀主要集中在晶界处,析出相的存在造成材料耐蚀性下降。建议控制合适的工艺参数,控制碳含量在尽可能低的水平,避免大量析出物的生成影响材料的耐蚀性能。
Influence of phases precipitated in a Ni-based alloy during solid solution and aging treatment on the performance of the Ni-based alloy was investigated by means of metallographic observation, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The variation of microstructure and phases in the alloy after solid solution and aging treatment at different temperatures was discussed. The results show that the heat treatment temperature has significant influence on the type as well as quantity of precipitation phases. Lots of precipitated phases are observed at grain boundaries with network distribution. The mechanical test results show that the tensile fracture of the alloy with precipitation phases is intergranular brittle fracture. The corrosion tests results indicate that there is a potential difference between grains and grain boundaries due to the precipitation of chrome carbide at grain boundaries, resulting in pitting corrosion occurred preferentially at grain boundaries, consequently, and the corrosion resistance of Ni-based alloys is reduced. In order to enhance the corrosion resistance of Ni-based alloys, it is suggested to control the carbon content at a lower level for the alloy to avoid large amount precipitation of chrome carbide.
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