为确定北京密云水库小流域地下水中氮污染特征及来源,分别在雨季和旱季采集34个地下水样进行分析.结果表明,该流域地下水中NO-3-N污染严重,雨季和旱季NO-3-N的平均含量分别为15. 86 mg·L-1和14.67 mg·L-1 ,均超过世界卫生组织饮用水标准( 10 mg·L-1 ) ,污染主要分布于人口密集、农业活动频繁的中部地区.研究区域NH+4-N和NO-2-N的含量较低,其中,NO-2-N分布极不均匀.雨季和旱季δ15 N的变化范围分别为5.00‰—20.16‰和-5.90‰—12.28‰,表明地下水硝酸盐的主要来源为人畜粪便和污水的排放,也可能为土壤有机氮和农业施肥的混合,表明旱季发生反硝化作用造成同位素的分馏.雨季,硝态氮与村镇面积呈正相关;氨氮与村镇及地表水面积呈显著正相关关系.旱季,硝态氮与村镇面积呈正相关,氨氮与草地面积呈正相关,亚硝态氮与地表水面积呈显著的正相关关系.
In order to determine the characteristics and sources of nitrogen pollution in the groundwater of Miyun Reservoir Watershed in Beijing, 34 samples were collected and analyzed in a rainy season and dry season respectively. The results showed that the NO-3-N pollution of groundwater was very heavy. The average value of NO-3-N concentration in the rainy season and dry season were 15. 86 mg·L-1 and 14. 67 mg·L-1 , respectively, higher than WHO drinking water standard ( 10 mg·L-1 ) . The pollution mainly distributed in the central region, which is densely populated and experiences frequent agricultural activities. The concentrations of NH+4-N and NO-2-N were low, and the distribution was not uniform. The range ofδ15 N in the rainy season and dry season were 5.00‰—20.16‰ and -5.90‰—12. 28‰, respectively. It indicated that the main source of nitrate in the groundwater was livestock manure and sewage discharge, and may also contain soil organic nitrogen and agricultural fertilizer. At the same time, the occurrence of denitrification caused the isotope fractionation during the dry season. NO-3-N in the groundwater was positively correlated with town, and NH+4-N with town and runoff in rainy season. NO-3-N in groundwater was positively correlated with town size, and NH+4-N with grassland area, NO-2-N with runoff in dry season.
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