三十年前发现,生物玻璃能与骨形成骨键结合.这种特殊的材料已经有超过15年的临床应用,并有数以千计的成功病例.研究表明,骨的键合及骨再生和修复（骨形成作用）涉及玻璃表面的离子快速交换反应、生物活性表面反应层的成核和生长、由可溶硅和钙组成的临界浓度的离子溶解产物的释放.生物活性玻璃的分子生物学机理研究表明,它的生物活性响应看起来是由基因控制的.具有骨促进作用的A类生物活性玻璃通过直接对那些调节诱发细胞周期开始和进程的基因的直接控制,从而加强了其骨形成和促进作用.不能够形成新骨的细胞从细胞总体中被消除,这一特征是当成骨细胞在生物惰性材料或者B类生物活性材料培养时所没有的.骨前细胞细胞周期的基因调控生物学结果是成骨纲胞的快速繁殖和分裂,这也导致了骨的迅速再生. 对生物活性玻璃基因基础的理解,可以为设计新一代活化基因的玻璃材料、以及新一代活化基因的组织工程用生物降解支架材料提供重要的依据.如果我们能用玻璃激活基因,可以肯定,有一天我们就能用玻璃来控制基因.
Thirty years ago it was discovered that bioactive glasses bond to bone. This unique material has been used
clinically for more than 15 years with many thousands of successful cases. Recent research has shown that bioactive response appears to be under genetic
control. Class A bioactive glasses that are osteoproductive enhance osteogenesis through a direct control over genes that regulate cell cycle
induction and progression. Cells that are not capable of forming new bone are eliminated from the cell population, a characteristic that is missing when
osteoblasts are exposed to bioinert or Class B bioactive materials. The biological consequence of genetic control of the cell cycle of osteoblast
progenitor cells is the rapid proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. The result is rapid regeneration of bone. Understanding the
genetic basis for bioactive glasses provides an important opportunity for glass research. It should now be feasible to design a new generation of
gene-activating glasses tailored for specific patients and disease states. The new generation of gene activating glasses can also be fabricated into
bioactive resorbable scaffolds for tissue engineering of bone constructs for patients with large bone defects. If we can activate genes by use of
glasses it is certainly possible that we may one day be able to use glasses to control genes.
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