采用NH4Cl为矿化剂,以金属锌片为锌源,水热合成出多种不同形貌的ZnO微纳米结构.其中ZnO纳米棒及铅笔都沿[001]方向生长,结晶性很好.在水热条件下, ZnO纳米棒通常倾向于自组装成花状的结构.本文从鲍林电负性的角度揭示了形成这些微纳米结构的化学反应机理,分析了Cl 和NH+4在这些微纳米结构形成过程中所起的作用.研究结果表明:温度和填充度对ZnO纳米结构的结晶性和形貌也有重要的影响.当温度从150 ℃升至180 ℃时,ZnO纳米晶的结晶性明显更好.当填充度从60%增加到80%时,除了形成ZnO纳米棒花状自组装结构以外,在金属锌片表面还趋于生成大量的ZnO微球.
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