灰尘是一种成分和来源复杂的环境介质,可以积累大量重金属,与环境质量和人类健康密切相关.本研究对河南省某高校10名本科生和10名保安分别在不同空气质量“轻度污染”和“重度污染”的情况下进行手掌擦拭采样,样品经微波消解后使用电感耦合等离子体质谱分析仪(ICP-MS)进行定量检测,研究两类人群对9种典型重金属铜(Cu)、铬(Cr)、锌(Zn)、砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、镍(Ni)、锰(Mn)、钴(Co)的暴露水平和人群差异,并进行健康风险评估.结果显示,整体而言,两类人群对Zn(保安ND-2660 μg· m-2,本科生ND-1350 μg·m-2)的暴露水平最高,Cu(保安ND-70.2μg· m-2,本科生0.023-83.4 μg· m-2)次之,As(保安ND-2.34 μg·m-2,本科生ND-5.72 μg· m-2)、Co(保安ND-7.93 μg·m-2,本科生ND-6.02 μg· m-2)最低;本科生对重金属的皮肤暴露具有性别差异;两类人群在空气质量为轻度污染条件下的暴露水平比严重污染条件高;保安的暴露风险较在校本科生高,但都低于风险阈值,不具备非致癌风险.
Dust is a complex environmental medium,which can accumulate heavy metals,and is closely associated with environmental quality and human health.In this study,10 undergraduate students and 10 security guards on a university campus were selected as volunteers,and dust samples on their palm skin were collected under two different haze levels.All samples were quantitatively analyzed by ICP-MS after microwave digestion.The contamination level and exposure risk of nine heavy metals including copper (Cu),chromium (Cr),zinc (Zn),arsenic (As),cadmium (Cd),lead (Pb),nickel (Ni),manganese (Mn) and cobalt (Co) for the two groups were investigated.Generally,Zn (Security guard ND-2660 μg· m-2,Undergraduate ND-1350 μg·m-2) represented the highest exposure level for both groups,followed by Cu (Securityguard ND-70.2 μg·m-2,Undergraduate 0.023-83.4 μg · m-2).As (Security guard ND-2.34 μg·m-2,Undergraduate ND-5.72 μμg·m-2) and Co (Security guard ND-7.93 μg·m-2,Undergraduate ND-6.02 μg· m-2) represented the lowest levels.Security guards suffered higher exposure levels of Pb,Cr,Cd,Mn than undergraduates.Gender difference was discovered for the exposure of undergraduates to heavy metals.Heavy metal contamination in light haze pollution level is higher than that in heavy haze pollution level.Non-cancer exposure risk for security guard was higher than that for undergraduate,but all of them were within the acceptable safety threshold,indicating no apparent non-cancer risks.
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