由于雪是一种多孔、分散介质,光可以穿透表层几十厘米厚的积雪,这使得雪具有显著的光化学活性.并且,相对于物理作用和微生物作用,光化学作用受温度影响较小,因此,成为雪中有机污染物迁移转化的主要途径,对有机污染物的环境归趋及其生态风险具有重要影响.最近十几年来,雪光化学引起了研究者的关注.本文介绍了雪的组成、结构和基本性质,列举了目前已经在雪中检测到的有机污染物,综述了雪中这些有机物光解作用的最新研究进展,深入分析了雪中有机物光解机理,并提出目前雪光化学研究中存在的问题和挑战.
Due to the porous and dispersive characteristic of snow,light can penetrate tens of centimeters of surface snow,so snow is photochemically reactive.Furthermore,compared to physical and microbiological behaviors,photochemistry is not substantially affected by temperature,and thus photochemistry becomes an important migration and transformation pathway for organic pollutants in snow,which obviously determines the fates and ecological risks of organic pollutants.In the past decades,snow photochemistry has attracted increasing attention.In this work,we introduced the composition,structure and basic properties of snow,listed organic pollutants that have been detected in snow,reviewed the latest research progress on the photochemistry of these organic pollutants in snow,detailed the photolysis mechanisms of organic pollutants in snow,and finally,proposed issues and challenges that have to be faced in the field of snow photochemistry.
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