材料期刊网

为了解海南商品有机肥的总体污染状况,在海南省18市、县采集了102个商品有机肥样品,分析了铅、铬、镉、铜、锌、砷、汞共7种重金属和土霉素、四环素、金霉素、强力霉素、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、双氟沙星共11种抗生素的含量及影响因素.结果表明,海南商品有机肥中Pb、Zn污染较严重,Pb、Cr、Cd、Cu、Zn、As、Hg含量的平均值分别为58.16、69.55、1.34、48.65、178.03、10.75、0.24 mg· kg-1,根据相关行业标准,其超标率分别为26.47％、3.92％、4.90％、8.82％、25.49％、17.65％、0;11种抗生素被不同程度地检出,检出率最高的是环丙沙星,检出率高达49.02％,检出率最低的是四环素,检出率为8.82％;11种抗生素的平均含量由大到小依次是金霉素(2010.10 μg·kg-1)＞四环素(834.22μg·kg-1)＞强力霉素(627.37μg·kg-1)＞双氟沙星(199.18 μg·kg-1)＞磺胺二甲嘧啶(195.67μg· kg-1)＞土霉素(176.54μg·kg-1)＞磺胺甲基嘧啶(149.85 μg·kg-1)＞恩诺沙星(146.70 μg·kg-1》磺胺嘧啶(112.82 μg·kg-1)＞磺胺甲恶唑(110.47 μg·kg-1)＞环丙沙星(82.26 μg·kg-1).我国尚没有对商品有机肥中重金属、抗生素等有害物质的限量的国家标准,建议商品有机肥中重金属Pb、Cr、Cd、As、Hg、Cu、Zn的最高含量分别低于50、150、3、15、2,100、200 mg· kg-1,抗生素限量低于6666.67 μg·kg-1,建议所有商品有机肥在包装袋上标明产地、原料、重金属含量、抗生素含量.

In order to investigate the overall pollution condition of commercial organic fertilizer in Hainan province,102 samples from 18 cities or counties were collected to analyze the concentrations and influencing factors of 7 heavy metals and 11 antibiotics in commercial organic fertilizers.Results show that Pb and Zn levels in these commercial organic fertilizers were the highest.The average content ofPb,Cr,Cd,Cu,Zn,As and Hg were 58.16,69.55,1.34,48.65,178.03,10.75,0.24 mg·kg-1,respectively.Approximately 26.47％,3.92％,4.90％,3.92％,25.49％,17.65％ and 0 of samples exceeded the relevant industry standard for Pb,Cr,Cd,Cu,Zn,As and Hg,respectively.As for antibiotics,detection rate of ciprofloxacin was the highest (49.02％),while tetracycline had the lowest detection rate (8.82％).The average content of 11 kinds of antibiotics followed the order of chlortetracycline (2010.10 μg · kg-1) ＞ tetracycline (834.22 pg · kg-1) ＞doxycycline (627.37 pg· kg-1) ＞ double fluorine ciprofloxacin (199.18 μg· kg-1) ＞ sulfamethazine (195.67 p,g · kg-1) ＞ oxytetracycline (176.54 μg · kg-1) ＞ sulfamerazine (149.85 pg·kg-1) ＞ enrofloxacin (146.70 μg· kg-1) ＞ sulfadiazine (112.82 μg· kg-1) ＞ sulfonamide and trimethoprim (110.47 μg· kg-1) ＞ ciprofloxacin (82.26 μg· kg-1).China is lack of national limited standards for commercial organic fertilizer in heavy metals antibiotics and other harmful substances.Therefore,we recommend that the maximum limit value of Pb,Cr,Cd,Hg,As,Cu,Zn incommercial organic fertilizer be 50,150,3,15,2,100 mg·kg-1 and 200 mg·kg-1,respectively;and the maximum limit value of antibiotics be 6666.67μg·kg-1.The origin,raw mnaterial and heavy metals and antibiotics concentrations incommercial organic fertilizers should be set down on the packaging bag.