为探究温州市区大气细颗粒物PM2.5及其19种无机元素的污染特征和主要来源,分别于2015年1月、4月、7月以及10月(代表4个季度)在温州市区选取4个监测点位采集环境空气PM2.5样品共112个,并利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)和原子荧光光度计(AFS)分析样品中19种无机元素的含量.结果表明,温州市区环境空气PM2.5平均质量浓度为83.6±50.2μg·m-3.温州市不同季节PM2.5浓度最低的均为市站(SZ),春冬季南浦(NP)采样点PM2.5浓度最高.19种无机元素占PM2.5总量的9.90％.样品中主要元素为Na、K、Ca、Si、Zn、Al、Mg和Fe,占所测元素总量的96.7％.龙湾(LW)采样点PM25中Fe、Al和Ca元素在多数季节里浓度较高,可能与采样点附近的机械阀门铸造企业和混凝土企业有关.本研究利用富集因子法和主成分分析法进行PM2.5的初步来源分析,结果表明,温州市区PM25污染主要来源于燃煤、交通污染、金属冶炼/加工、建筑扬尘和海盐粒子.
One hundred and twelve PM2.5 samples were collected at 4 locations in urban districts of Wenzhou,Zhejiang Province in January,April,July and October (representing the four seasons) of 2015.The concentrations of 19 inorganic elements bounded to PM2.5 were analyzed by inductively coupling plasma emission spectrograph (ICP-AES) and atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer (AFS),to identify the pollution characteristics and source apportionment.Results showed that the average mass concentration of PM2.5 during the sampling period was 83.6 ± 50.2 μg· m-3.The mean mass concentrations of PM2.5 in SZ were the lowest in all seasons,and the concentrations of PM2.5 in NP were the highest in spring and winter.The 19 inorganic elements accounted for 9.90％ of the total PM2.5.Na、K、Ca、Si、Zn、Al、Mg and Fe were the dominant elements in PM2.5,accounting for 96.7％ of the measured elements.The concentrations of PM2.5-bound Fe,Al and Ca were higher in LW in most of the season,possibly because of the mechanical valve commercial foundries and concretecompanies nearby.The results of enrichment factor method and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated that coal consumption,transportation source,metal smelting and processing,construction dust and sea salt were the main sources of PM2.5 in Wenzhou.
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