通过在厦门市鼓浪屿、洪文和湖里进行冬夏两季的PM2.5环境样品采集,利用能量色散X射线荧光分析仪分析了其中16种元素(Al、Si、Ca、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Sn、Sb、Ba和Pb)的浓度,对其时空变化特征和重金属的健康风险评价进行了研究.结果表明,Al、Si、Ca、Ti和Fe等地壳元素浓度较高,其浓度值冬高夏低.受区域功能和排放影响,所测元素浓度湖里点最高(2.12μg·m-3),鼓浪屿最低(1.15μg·m-3).富集因子计算结果表明,地壳元素中Ca富集因子为43,与建材类物质输入有关.受工业排放、机动车和船舶排放影响,重金属元素富集因子普遍高于100,特别是Cu、Zn、Cd、Sn和Sb的富集因子高达103-104.PMF源解析结果表明,厦门PM2.5中元素来自于地壳源、机动车源、工业源、船舶源和燃煤源.重金属元素的暴露剂量、非致癌风险和致癌风险等计算结果显示,Zn暴露剂量最大(儿童:1.23× 10-7 mg·(kg·d)-1,成人:0.53× 10-7 mg·(kg· d)-1),Mn非致癌暴露风险最高(儿童:1.20× 10-3,成人:5.18×10-4),Cr致癌暴露风险最高(儿童:1.80×10-,成人:7.76×10-8).相应的暴露风险为冬高夏低,湖里点最高,鼓浪屿最低.总体来看,重金属的非致癌暴露风险和致癌暴露风险均远小于判断标准,表明厦门PM2.5中重金属元素不存在明显的非致癌和致癌健康风险.
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