采用具有代表性的体外模拟呼吸系统Gamble方法研究上海市两大功能区——工业区、居民区不同大气颗粒物包括PM10和PM2.5中重金属生物可给性和健康风险.结果表明,两大功能区大气颗粒物中均检出重金属Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn、Cr和Cd,其浓度从高到低依次为:Zn＞ Pb＞ Cu＞ Mn＞ Ni≈Cr＞ Cd,工业区大气颗粒物中重金属Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn的平均浓度均高于居民区,且两大功能区PM10中重金属浓度均大于PM2.5.居民区大气颗粒物中Cu和Ni的生物可给性低于工业区,Mn和Pb的生物可给性高于工业区,而Zn、Cr和Cd的生物可给性在两大功能区则较为接近,且PM2.5中重金属生物可给性高于PM10.成人致癌风险高于儿童,非致癌风险低于儿童.其中Cr和Cd的致癌风险较低,Ni的致癌风险可忽略.除去Pb元素,其余重金属元素均表现为工业区非致癌风险高于或接近于居民区,不同重金属的非致癌风险值大小为:Pb＞Cd＞Zn≈Cr＞Cu＞Ni＞ Mn,均远小于1,可忽略.但是,Pb的人体健康风险相对其他重金属较高,Cd在大气颗粒物中的重金属浓度较低,但非致癌风险值相对较高,也应当引起重视.
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