于2014年2—4季度分别采集天津市农村地区10个区县的207个行政村的地下水出厂水水样,检测其砷、镉、铬(六价)、铅、汞、硒、锰、铜、锌、氟化物、硝酸盐等11项指标.按照美国国家环境保护局( US EPA)推荐的方案建立水环境污染健康风险评价模型,对饮用水中的11种元素通过饮水途径所引起的健康风险作出初步评价.结果表明,天津市农村地区饮用水中氟化物合格率最低,为73.8%,不合格的指标有氟化物、硝酸盐、锰、砷、锌和铁;砷、镉、铬等3种污染物所引起的个人年致癌风险水平由高至低依次为铬(6.90×10-5·a-1)>砷(3.02×10-5·a-1)>镉(0.13×10-5·a-1),总风险值为10.05×10-5·a-1.非致癌风险中8种污染物的个人年健康危害风险由高到低依次为氟化物(67.63×10-10·a-1)>铜(38.30×10-10·a-1)>铅(4.56×10-10·a-1)>硝酸盐(2.79×10-10·a-1)>汞(2.59×10-10·a-1)>锌(1.05×10-10·a-1)>锰(0.95×10-10·a-1)>硒(0.69×10-10·a-1),总风险值为118.553×10-10·a-1.天津市农村饮用水中11种污染物对人体健康产生的潜在危害的个人年总风险水平高于国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)的最大可接受风险水平(5.0×10-5·a-1),主要健康风险来自于铬.
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