选择典型废弃日用品塑料，对特征处置场景下其PBDEs的浸出特征及健康风险进行了评价．结果表明，日用品塑料在硫酸／硝酸、醋酸和腐殖酸溶液中达到溶出平衡时，∑21 PBDEs释放量分别为20．00、63．65、125．60μg·kg－1，均以BDE209为主．进入生活垃圾填埋场的释放量高于堆存和简易填埋过程，在最不利条件下距填埋场下游500 m处地下水中PBDEs最大浓度为39．67μg·L－1，居民饮用地下水产生的非致癌风险指数为2．11×10－1，其中十溴代物（BDE209）的非致癌风险指数为1．85×10－1，均小于美国标准中非致癌的可接受风险水平（1．0），表明废旧日用品塑料可进入生活垃圾填埋场处置．
Leaching characteristics of PBDEs from some consumer plastic product waste and health risk were investigated in a typical disposal scenario. The results showed that after reaching the equilibrium, the concentrations of the ∑21 PBDEs leached from the crushed plastic waste were 20.00 μg·kg-1 ,63.65 μg·kg-1 ,125.60 μg·kg-1 in solutions of sulfuric acid/ nitric acid, acetic acid and humic acid respectively, and BDE209 was the dominant congener. The dissolution rate of the∑21PBDEs in waste landfill site was higher than those in stockpiling and non?standard landfill site. The highest concentration of the ∑21 PBDEs in groundwater 500 meters downstream the landfill was 39.67 μg·L-1. The non?cancer risk from PBDEs was 2.11×10-1 when the waste was put into the landfill, while the non?cancer risk from BDE209 was 1. 85 × 10-1 . The non?cancer risk ( hazard index, HI) were below the value accepted from the US EPA(1.0). This consumer plastic product waste could be put into the waste landfill site.
参考文献
| [1] | Guardia M J L,Hale R C,Harvey E .Detailed polybrominateddiphenyl ether (PBDE) congener composition of the widely used penta-,octa-,and deca-PBDE technical flame-retardant mixtures[J].,2006,40(20):6247-6254. |
| [2] | Tanabe S .PBDEs,an emerging group of persistent pollutants[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2004,49:369-370. |
| [3] | Darnerud P O,Risberg S .Tissue localisation of tetra-and pentabromodiphenyl ether congeners (BDE-47,-85 and-99) in perinatal and adult C57BL mice[J].Chemosphere,2006,62(3):485-493. |
| [4] | Branchi I,Capone F,Vitalone A,et al .Early developmental exposure to BDE 99 or aroclor 1254 affects neuro behavioural profile:interference from the administration route[J].Neuro Toxicology,2005,26(2):183-192. |
| [5] | 梁淑轩,倪新娟,赵兴茹,安立会,张深,钟林仁,郑丙辉.渤海湾脉红螺中多氯联苯和多溴联苯醚的测定分析[J].环境科学研究,2012(04):441-446. |
| [6] | Christensen J H,Glasius M,Pécseli M .Polybrominateddiphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in marine fish and blue mussels from southern Greenland[J].Chemosphere,2002,47(6):631-638. |
| [7] | 曾甯,姚建,唐阵武,黄启飞,金璐,何洁.典型废旧塑料处置地土壤中多溴联苯醚污染特征[J].环境科学研究,2013(04):432-438. |
| [8] | Leung A O,Luksemburg W J,Wong A S,et al .Spatial distribution of polybrominateddiphenyl ethers and polychlorinateddibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in soil and combusted residue at Guiyu,an electronic waste recycling site in southeast China[J].Environ Science and Technology,2007,41(8):2730-2737. |
| [9] | Gao S,Hong J,Yu Z,et al .Polybrominateddiphenyl ethers in surface soils from e-waste recycling areas and industrial areas in South China:Concentration levels,congener profile,and inventory[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.2011,2011,30(12):2688-2696. |
| [10] | 陈涛,周纯,牟义军,余彬彬.典型电子废物集中处置场地及周边土壤中多溴联苯醚的污染特征[J].生态与农村环境学报,2011(03):20-24. |
| [11] | 方芳,刘国强,郭劲松,刘智萍.垃圾渗滤液中溶解性有机质研究进展[J].水处理技术,2009(04):4-8. |
| [12] | KimY J,Masahiro Osako,Sakai S .Leaching characteristics of polybrominated dipheny lethers(PBDEs) from flame-retardant plastics[J].Chemosphere,2006,65 |
| [13] | 刘锋,徐红,徐明德,何洁,王练书,黄启飞.典型电子废物中多溴联苯醚的模拟浸出释放特征[J].环境科学研究,2014(02):203-209. |
| [14] | 徐红,何洁,刘锋,等 .不同模拟场景下浸提剂对废电路板中多溴联苯醚的浸出影响[J].环境工程.2013,2013,31 |
| [15] | 徐红.典型电子废物中多溴联苯醚的模拟浸出释放特征研究[D].太原:太原理工大学硕士论文,2013 |
| [16] | 国家环境保护总局.HJ/T 299-2007 固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法硫酸硝酸法[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2007 |
| [17] | 国家环境保护总局.HJ/T 300-2007 固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法醋酸缓冲溶液法[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2007 |
| [18] | US EPA(Environmental Protection Agency).EPA′s Composite Model for Leachate Migration with Transformation Products(EPACMTP).Background Document[R].Office of Solid Waste,Washington,DC,1996 |
| [19] | US EPA (Environmental Protection Agency).The Vadose and Saturated Zone Modules Extracted from EPACMTP for HWIR99[R].Office of Solid Waste,Washington,DC,August,1999 |
| [20] | 于长江 .医疗废物处理处置过程中若干环境风险问题的研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学,2006. |
| [21] | 王洪涛.多孔介质污染物迁移动力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2008 |
| [22] | U.S.EPA.Background document for the human exposure andhuman risk modules for the multimedia,multipathway,multirecptor risk assessment (3MRA)model for HWIR99[Z].Washington D C:Office of Solid Waste,August,2000 |
| [23] | 郑德凤,史延光,崔帅.饮用水源地水污染物的健康风险评价[J].水电能源科学,2008(06):48-50,57. |
| [24] | 仇付国,王晓昌.污水再生利用的健康风险评价方法[J].环境污染与防治,2003(01):49-51,56. |
| [25] | GB16889-2008.生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准[S]. |
| [26] | EPA′s Composite Model for Leachate Migration with Transformation Products (EPACMTP).Parameters/Data Background Document[Z].Washington DC:Office of Solid Waste,April 2003. |
| [27] | 李晓月,郑险峰,周建斌.不同质地小麦根际土壤有机碳、氮含量及特性研究[J].土壤通报,2012(03):610-613. |
| [28] | U.S.Environmental Protection Agency.Toxicological review ofdecabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209):In support of summary information on theIntegrated Risk Information System (IRIS)[EB/OL].http://www.epa.gov/iris. |
| [29] | Sakai S,Watanabe J H,Yoshiharu,et al .Combustion of brominated flame retardants and behavior of itsbyproducts[J].Chemosphere,2001,42 |
| [30] | Ki-In Choi,Suk-Hui Lee,Masahiro Osako .Leaching of brominated flame retardants from TV housing plasticsin the presence of dissolved humicmatter[J].Chemosphere,2009,74 |
| [31] | Eric B,Sheryl A T,Gregg T T .Direct measurement of octanolwaterpartition coefficients of some environmentally relevantbrominateddiphenyl ether congeners[J].Chemosphere,2003,51 |
| [32] | 刘娟,罗孝俊,陈社军,罗勇,林镇,余梅,麦碧娴.电子垃圾回收地散养家禽（鸡）中多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）的浓度与分布模式[J].现代农业科技,2009(24):293-295,297. |
| [33] | Grasso D,Chin Y P,Weber J,et al .Structural and behavioral characteristics of a commercial humic and natural dissolved aquatic organic matter[J].Chemosphere,1990,21(10):1181-1197. |
| [34] | 周江敏,代静玉,潘根兴.土壤中水溶性有机质的结构特征及其与富里酸、胡敏酸的比较[J].土壤,2004(01):46-50. |
- 下载量()
- 访问量()
- 您的评分：
-
10%
-
20%
-
30%
-
40%
-
50%