基因治疗作为一种极富潜力、可用于替代传统化学治疗的方法,为先天遗传性疾病和严重后天获得性疾病的治疗提供了一条新途径.成功的基因治疗依赖于开发高效、低毒的多功能基因传递系统.目前的非病毒基因载体在转染效率方面低于病毒载体,而通过自组装方式构建的仿病毒基因载体系统可大幅提高转染效率与生物兼容性,将为基因治疗提供更为有效的策略和方案,具有广阔的应用前景.仿病毒载体主要目标是模拟病毒蛋白衣壳包裹、运输核酸的转染方式,根据其构建模式可分为3类:环境响应型仿病毒“壳-核”结构载体系统;自组装型仿病毒载体;纳米颗粒作为组装基元组构成的仿病毒载体.综述了近年来涌现的仿病毒载体的最新研究进展,并对仿病毒研究的现状与发展趋势进行了评述.
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