人工关节是替代病变或损伤关节的植入性假体,除了应满足生物相容性要求外,必须具有足够的耐磨损性能、力学性能和抗氧化性能等.超高分子量聚乙烯因其自身优良的理化性能而被广泛应用于人工关节置换用材料.但随着超高分子量聚乙烯人工植入体使用时间的延长会导致其不同形式的失效,如磨损引起的骨质溶解,给骨科患者生活带来不便.综述了国内外提高超高分子量聚乙烯人工关节植入体综合性能而对材料进行改性处理的各种方法,包括辐照交联、热处理、加入抗氧剂等.最后总结了通过调控流动场诱导形成自增强结构,来改善人工关节植入体力学性能的最新进展,并展望了超高分子量聚乙烯人工关节高性能化的未来研究方向.
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