对化学气相渗透(CVI)C/C复合材料在偏振光下的显微结构 (偏光显微结构)类型、结构的形貌特征及对应炭的基本物理性能、材料的制备工艺参数- 结构-性能之间的关系进行了综述.C/C复合材料具有三种基本偏光显微结构,即RL、SL和I SO.这三种基本偏光结构的炭对应于不同的形貌特征,可从消光十字形、旋光性、光学反射性、生长特征、表面织构、择优取向性和环形裂纹等特征将其分辨出来.工艺参数对沉积炭偏光显微结构的影响没有一成不变的规律可循,影响因素除了温度、压力、气体成分、气体流速外,还与炉子的几何尺寸及试样的堆积尺寸有关,对不同的CVI体系,都应当摸索出一套适合其运行的最佳工艺参数.C/C复合材料的偏光显微结构与材料的性能有着密切的联系 ,不同的结构下,材料的物理性能、力学性能和热性能都表现出明显的差异.通过归纳与分析,获得了对C/C复合材料偏光显微结构全面、系统的认识,明确了它在C/C复合材料研究中的重要性,为制备具有单一、均匀偏光显微结构及所需性能的C/C复合材料指明了方向.
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