为了改善超塑成形零件的壁厚均匀性问题,优化了有限元软件MARC的加载算法.在每一步长中选取20个应变速率最大的单元,求平均值,并与最佳应变速率对比,获得优化加载曲线.基于有限元分析,选择5083铝合金壳体进行了超塑成形实验.研究结果表明:优化的加载算法使应变速率始终保持在最佳应变速率附近,提高了零件变形严重区域的厚度;避免了在加载过程中由于壁厚不均匀使得裂纹产生,验证了模拟结果的准确性.与MARC默认的加载算法相比,采用优化加载算法能改善零件的壁厚均匀性.
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