采用水热法,利用H2O2对石油焦进行氧化改性,以KOH为活化剂,在碱碳比为3∶1时将改性石油焦制备成活性炭(OAC-3);作为对比,在碱碳比为3∶1、4∶1和5∶1时将未改性石油焦制备成活性炭(AC-3、AC-4和AC-5).采用XRD、I2吸附、N2吸附和恒流充放电测试,研究氧化改性对石油焦和活性炭结构及性能的影响.研究表明,氧化改性使石油焦石墨微晶的晶面层间距由0.344nm增加到0.351nm,微晶厚度由2.34nm降低到1.86nm,降低了石油焦的活化难度.OAC-3和AC-4的比表面积分别为3066和2929m2/g;在0.2A/g的电流密度下,比电容分别为374.6和338.9F/g;基于OAC-3的超级电容器具有更好的功率特性和更低的内阻.
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