利用十六烷基季铵盐在固相条件下对黏土进行有机化插层改性,制备出有机黏土;采用机械混炼插层法制备了天然橡胶/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料,用X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)表征了纳米复合材料的结构和形态.利用XRD探讨了有机黏土在混炼和硫化过程中的插层行为,结果表明:天然橡胶的插层行为在机械混炼的过程中就已经发生,在硫化过程中,随着硫化时间的增加,黏土的层间距略微增加,黏土片层间的橡胶分子并不稳定.硫化过程结束后,黏土片层间的橡胶分子链随着交联固化而稳定地保持在黏土片层间.
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