润湿性是材料表面的重要特征之一.影响材料表面润湿性的主要因素有:材料表面能、表面粗糙度以及表面微纳结构,其中低表面能材料是制备超疏水性的基本条件,表面粗糙度和表面微细结构是决定性因素.理论研究和实验证明,接触角随着表面能的降低而增加,随着表面粗糙度的增加而增大,而表面微/纳结构对润湿性具有重要的影响.常用的低表面能材料是有机硅和氟树脂以及其相应的改性树脂,如硅氧烷等.常用的表面粗糙化和微/纳结构的制备方法有模板法、化学气相沉积、溶胶-凝胶法、微细加工、粒子填充等方法.此外,材料表面润湿性的调控和疏水亲水性的可逆转变也取得了进展.
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