金纳米粒子的特殊性质产生于其特殊结构及特殊效应.负载或非负载型Au纳米粒子表现出极高的化学活性和催化性能,使其在化学工业中得到了广泛应用.用沉积或共沉淀方式将Au纳米粒子负载到金属氧化物载体上,在室温催化氧化CO为CO2的效率比其它贵金属催化剂高得多;Au/TiO2催化剂在气相中能够高效率地催化氧化丙稀为环氧丙烷,选择性高达90%;Au纳米粒子催化剂在不饱和碳氢化合物的部分氢化反应中表现出良好的选择性;非负载型和负载型Au纳米粒子在液相反应中表现出独特的催化特性;Au/Fe2O3和Au/ZrO2等负载型催化剂在低温水气转换制备氢气的反应中催化活性很高,而且载体的结晶度越高,催化活性越高.文中对近年来Au纳米粒子的上述催化特性和应用进行评述.
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