采用宏现与微观结合的方法以及大型疲劳试验机和光学显微镜研究了压力容器用钢16MnR在低周疲劳下微孔(φ 40～200μm)的裂纹萌生与扩展规律.结果表明:裂纹的萌生机制为滑移带启裂,由剪应力起主要作用,微观缺陷尺寸、应力水平对疲劳寿命有显著影响,当应力水平较低时,微孔尺寸对疲劳寿命的影响明显;当应力水平较高时(超过屈服强度),孔径对疲劳寿命的影响不敏感;在同一应力水平下,微缺陷尺寸d存在临界值dt,当d>dt时,疲劳寿命下降很多.
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