采用原位的机械研磨化学镀方法在碳钢上制备出Ni-P镀层.原位的机械研磨处理方法是在化学镀溶液中加入试样以及直径为2-3 mm的玻璃小球,在化学镀的过程中,将小球与试样用搅拌器完全搅起,小球与试样的接触就像撞击的过程.机械研磨化学镀后,镀层由非晶向晶态发生转变,镀层为Ni的多晶结构.镀层颗粒细化并且光滑平整.与传统化学镀非晶Ni-P镀层相比,镀层硬度、耐蚀性都相应提高.400℃进行退火1h后,在传统化学镀Ni-P镀层中有孔洞和裂纹出现,而在机械研磨化学镀Ni-P镀层中没有出现孔洞和裂纹.在传统的Ni-P镀层中发现裂纹,说明在镀层表面形成了拉应力,表明在非晶晶化的过程中体积发生了收缩.由于机械研磨化学镀Ni-P镀层已经发生了晶化.其镀层密度高于传统镀层,在热处理过程中,机械研磨化学镀Ni-P镀层的体积变化比传统化学镀Ni-P镀层的体积变化要小,因此没有裂纹产生.热处理后,机械研磨化学镀Ni-P镀层中Ni和Ni3P的晶粒尺寸都比传统镀层中的小,因而,经过机械研磨处理,镀层的硬度、耐蚀性和耐磨性将得到很大提高.机械研磨化学镀Ni-P镀层性能的提高预示着这项新的技术将会在工业上得到广泛的应用.
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