锆英砂碱熔法(一酸一碱法)生产氯氧化锆错生大量的废碱水和锆错硅渣,直接排放将对环境造成极大的污染,也是对烧碱和锆资源的巨大浪费.简要介绍了废碱水和废硅渣的来源及性质,重点介绍了废碱水和锆硅渣的回收利用方法及其研究进展.废碱水回收利用方法主要有制备水玻璃、工业用氢氧化钠、偏硅酸钠等,锆硅渣回收利用方法主要有制备复合型聚合硅酸铁铝(PSAF)絮凝剂、白炭黑以及中和处理、锆元素回收等,并对各种回收利用方法的优劣进行了技术和经济分析.相比之下,利用废碱水生产工业用氢氧化钠和锆硅渣中锆元素回收具有流程短、设备简单、投资少等优点,且经济和环境效益显著,将有极好的应用前景.此外,还介绍了废碱水和锆硅渣综合回收利用方法,主要有制备五水偏硅酸钠、层状硅酸钠等.综合回收利用可较为充分的回收废碱水和锆硅渣中有价成分,不产生二次污染,有较好的应用前景.但目前还停留在实验室研究阶段,距离工业化应用尚需进行深人研究和扩大实验验证.
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