镁及镁基储氢合金具有储氢容量高、成本低及污染小等优点,被认为是用于车载储氢方面较有前途的材料.然而镁基合金存在吸放氢温度较高,吸放氢速度较慢的缺点,抑制了它的实际应用.研究表明,制备多元镁基合金可明显改善合金的储氢性能.采用氢化燃烧合成(Hydriding Combustion Synthesis-HCS)和机械球磨(Mechanical Milling-MM),即HCS+MM技术复合制备Mg90Ni10-xVx(x=0,2,4,6,8)合金.采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及气体反应控制器研究了HCS+MM产物的相组成、表面形貌以及吸放氢性能.XRD分析表明,不同合金均含有MsH2,Mg2NiH4,Mg2NiH0.3,Mg以及VHy相,随着V含量的增加,VHy的相含量逐渐增加,而Mg2Ni氢化物含量逐渐减少.SEM结果表明,Mg90Ni4Mg90和Mg90Ni2V8合金的颗粒平均尺寸较小且分布比较均匀.Mg-Ni-V合金的吸氢性能优于二元Mg-Ni合金,Mg90Ni4V6的吸氢性能最好,在373 K,合金的吸氢量达到5.25%,且在50 s内就基本达到饱和吸氢量.V可以细化晶粒,使合金内部晶界增多,有利于氢的扩散;并且当合金中的V与Mg2Ni达到一定比例时,对合金的吸氢具有协同催化作用,改善了合金的吸氢性能.Mg-Ni-V合金的放氢性能不如二元Mg-Ni合金,说明在放氢过程中Mg2Ni的催化作用优于V.
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