利用三维有限元模型研究工业纯钛室温等径弯曲通道挤压(ECAP)变形过程,通过数值模拟分析模具通道夹角、外圆角及摩擦条件等参数对材料变形区的应变分布及挤压载荷的影响规律,获得了在室温下对工业纯钛进行EcAP变形的最优工艺参数.模拟结果表明:三维模型考虑了模具接触及摩擦的影响,比二维平面模型更客观、准确地反映了试样的应变分布状况.Φ=120°,Ψ=20°的模具参数为最优,试样可在较低的挤压载荷获得较大的塑性变形,增加通道背部摩擦可扩大试样主变形区体积,改善变形均匀程度.最终采用两通道夹角Φ=120°,外圆角Ψ=20°的模具,在背部不润滑的摩擦条件下成功实现了工业纯钛室温等径弯曲通道单道次变形.
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