以羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)为稳定剂,在水相中制备了CdS量子点,基于Cu<'2+>离子对量子点荧光的猝灭作用,建立了定量测定Cu<'2+>离子的新方法.CdS量子点对铜离子呈现出高选择性,除CO<'2+>和Hg<'2+>离子外,其它常见金属离子的存在对铜的测定几乎不产生干扰.考察了不同缓冲体系及缓冲液pH值、量子点浓度、反应时间和反应温度等因素的影响,确定了Cu<'2+>离子的最佳分析条件,即pH=5.6,磷酸氢二钠-磷酸二氢钾缓冲溶液的浓度为0.033 mol/L,量子点的浓度为2.0×10<'-4>mol/L.在最佳条件下,量子点的相对荧光强度与Cu<'2+>离子的浓度呈很好的线性关系,该方法的线性范围为5.0×10<'-8>～2.0×10<'-5>mol/L,线性回归方程为:F<,0>/F=1.0150+100791.6c,检出限为8.0×10<'-9>mol/L.本方法简单、快速,与文献报道的其它基于量子点荧光探针Cu<'2+>离子分析方法相比,此法对Cu<'2+>离子呈现出更高的选择性且具有更宽的线性检测范围.将此法用于水样和人体头发等实际样品中Cu<'2+>离子含量的测定,结果令人满意.
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