以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)作为高分子聚合物配体,采用静电纺丝法制备了Si/C复合负极材料.利用PVP高温烧结形成的碳作为体积缓冲骨架,有效地解决了硅在循环过程中的体积膨胀和粉化问题.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合材料的晶体结构及微观形貌进行了研究.结果表明,材料整体呈纤维状分布,纤维直径300 ～ 400nm,Si粒子以“麦穗状”均匀地分布在由无定形碳构成的纤维上.电化学测试结果表明,复合材料首次充放电的不可逆容量为294.9 mAh/g,是由于电极与电解液界面间固态电解质(SEI)膜的形成所致.另外,复合材料在低倍率(0.1C、0.2C和0.5C)和高倍率(1.0C和2.0C)下均具有较高的库伦效率及较好的循环稳定性.
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