金属锂逐渐在人们生活的各个领域扮演越来越重要的作用并占有战略地位,从液态锂源如海水、盐湖卤水中提取锂资源具有十分重要的意义,研究者对液态提锂的方法和工艺也进行了积极的探索研究,尖晶石锰氧化物由于其特殊的结构而对Li离子具有高度选择性,被称为“离子筛”吸附剂.离子筛吸附法以其绿色而高效的优势,引起了众多学者的关注,成为最有发展潜力的液态提锂方法之一.本文以尖晶石锰氧化物为代表,综述了锂离子筛的研究进展,对其结构、锂嵌入/脱出机理、制备方法、掺杂改性、成型及应用进行了详细的阐述,提出了锂离子筛目前存在的问题与技术瓶颈,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望.
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