利用SEM,EPMA和TEM,观察了在1453 K Co-Ni-Si-B钎料钎焊的DD5镍基单晶高温合金接头的显微组织,分析保温时间变化对接头显微组织和力学性能的影响,并深入讨论接头的形成机制.结果表明:接头主要由钎料合金区、界面连接区和元素扩散区3个区域组成.钎料合金区位于焊缝中央,由Ni-Co固溶体、M3B2型硼化物、CrB和Ni-Si化合物构成;与之相邻为界面连接区,主要为等温凝固形成的Ni-Co固溶体组织;元素扩散区位于界面连接区与母材之间,由γ相、γ'相和元素互扩散形成的颗粒状M3B2构成.随着保温时间的延长,焊接缺陷减少,界面连接区厚度增加,钎料合金区中球形Ni-Co固溶体尺寸增大,脆性化合物相数量减少,接头在1143 K的抗拉强度由198.5 MPa提高至580 MPa.高温拉伸试样的断口观察表明:断裂发生在焊缝处,为混合断裂模式,保温时间延长可提高焊缝与母材的界面结合强度,控制脆性化合物相的形成,改善接头的高温力学性能.综合考虑接头的组织和性能,最佳保温时间约为180 min.
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