用工业纯Al(α-Al)和Al-Cu-Mg系航空铝合金2A02进行了激光冲击表面改性实验,借助TEM从微结构响应的位错机制研究了不同靶材对强化效果的影响.结果表明,2种材料的强化效果有显著差异.α-Al激光冲击强化机制可归因于位错增殖.随激光冲击次数增加,新生位错发生塞积,并与林位错发生交互作用,位错线逐步演变为曲折波形、位错网络和位错缠结,但其硬度曲线因Bauschinger效应(BE)和应力波阻尼而呈线性快速衰退.铝合金2A02的激光冲击强化机制可归结为,由于高的基体强度和弥散析出相的钉扎作用而增强位错的弹性能与激光冲击超高能量的匹配,以及冲击诱发的位错增殖在析出相之间形成的复杂位错网络.随激光冲击次数增加,基体与析出相之间以增强的半共格关系协调形变;位错增殖和空位运动构成几何必须位错界面(GNBs),由其构成的亚晶界将基体金属细化至纳米级.复杂位错组态所致内应力和纳米化作用共同构成铝合金材料激光冲击表面改性的强化机理.
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