分析了气动悬浮金属样品在凝固过程中的激光能量吸收、热辐射以及对流换热特性,推导出激光功率调控下的冷速控制公式.根据气动悬浮Al-7.7Ca共晶合金样品的温度-时间曲线,验证了计算与实测结果符合较好.金相观察表明,气动悬浮Al-7.7Ca共晶合金在低冷速下凝固时呈现规则层片共晶形态;随着冷速提高,过冷度增大,晶粒细化,层片间距减小,不规则粒状共晶的体积分数不断增加,证实不规则共晶形成于凝固初期的快速凝固阶段.规则共晶的层片间距与过冷度的关系符合经典的JH理论,说明其形成于再辉后的慢速凝固阶段.
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