氢脆是一种由于金属材料中氢引起的材料塑性下降、开裂或损伤的现象.常用的抗氢合金有奥氏体不锈钢、沉淀强化奥氏体合金、低合金钢及铝合金等.由于奥氏体基体具有良好的抗氢脆性能,并且奥氏体合金可以通过沉淀强化提高其强度,因此这种合金作为结构件在氢环境下被广泛应用.中国科学院金属研究所开发了系列抗氢合金HR-1,HR-2,HR-3,J75和J100以及Al-6Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr抗氢铝合金,这些合金具有高的综合力学性能和抗氢性能.此外,合金的冶炼、铸、锻、焊、热处理都遵循各自的制备规律,严格控制其组织结构以达到提高抗氢损伤等性能的目的.
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