制备了HA(ZrO2)/316L不锈钢纤维对称功能梯度材料(FGM),316L不锈钢纤维的含量(体积分数)按20%→10%→0→10%→20%呈轴向对称梯度变化.分析了材料的微观结构和微区元素含量,研究了材料的性能与316L不锈钢纤维含量的关系.结果表明,在HA(ZrO2)/316L不锈钢纤维对称FGM中,316L不锈钢纤维在微观上呈无序和均匀分布状态,它被包裹于HA(ZrO2)基体中,两者紧密结合.316L不锈钢纤维与HA(ZrO2)基体间的界面表现为部分凹凸不平,紧紧地咬合在一起.在FGM基体中发生了微量的韧化相Fe元素扩散,在韧化相316L不锈钢纤维不发生基体相Ca、P元素的扩散,基体与韧化相之间不发生化学反应.随着316L不锈钢纤维含量的增加,HA(ZrO2)/316L不锈钢纤维复合材料的断裂韧性和弹性模量逐渐增加,体现了FGM中各梯度层的力学性能缓和设计.按Miao模型计算HA(ZrO2)/316L不锈钢纤维FGM中的残余热应力为515 MPa,FGM的增韧机理主要为纤维的拔出增韧和层间的裂纹偏转增韧.
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