为适应从低温到高温宽温范围的使用条件,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了YBa2Cu3O7-δ超导材料,用摩擦磨损试验机测试了YBa2Cu3O7-δ从室温至液氮温度的摩擦学性能.结果表明:室温20℃下,YBa2Cu3O7-δ与对偶件不锈钢盘对摩时,摩擦因数在0.5左右,当温度降到超导转变温度以下时(液氮温度-196℃)摩擦因数大幅度降低,YBa2Cu3O7-δ超导态摩擦因数是正常态值的一半,实验直接证明了电子激励对摩擦能量耗散的作用.为改善室温下YBa2Cu3O7-δ摩擦学性能,掺杂不同质量分数PbO作为润滑组元,制备了PbO/YBa2Cu3O7-δ超导固体润滑复合材料,取得良好效果.PbO掺杂不影响PbO/YBa2Cu3O7-δ复合材料的超导电性,在正常的载荷和滑行速度下15%PbO/YBa2Cu3O7-δ复合材料摩擦因数为0.2至0.3,磨损率为4.35×10-4mm3·(N·m)-1,分析了PbO/YBa2Cu3O7-δ复合材料减摩耐磨机制.
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