二维多孔材料存在一个易于流动的方向并具有较大的面密度,因此在具有良好的比刚度和比强度的同时也具有良好的散热性能,研究强迫对流下的散热性能对其多功能化设计具有重要意义.本文中利用数值方法求解考虑二维多孔材料内部流体流动规律、热传导和对流换热影响的流固耦合热传输问题,分析了多孔率和微结构尺寸对散热性能的影响并进行了最优参数设计;通过分析比较5种具有典型微结构形式的二维多孔材料的散热性能,给出了微结构形式对散热性能的影响.提出了以需要满足的散热性能为约束条件,以满足需求的设计参数的可调范围(设计参数的允许变化范围)为设计目标的最优散热结构设计理念.以此理念得到的设计结果,更有利于根据其他性能的要求对材料进行多功能化设计.分析表明,具有正六边形微结构的二维多孔材料的散热性能最优,并有利于实现轻质多功能化设计.
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