以十八烷基三甲基溴化铵为插层处理剂改性蒙脱土.分别采用有机蒙脱土(C18-MMT)和Na-蒙脱土(Na-MMT)填充补强丁苯橡胶,用XRD和TEM对复合材料的结构进行表征.结果表明:蒙脱土在橡胶基体中的分散取决于蒙脱土的亲油性,亲油性越强,蒙脱土的片层在橡胶中的分散越均匀,完全有机化处理的蒙脱土能够被剥离成厚度为20 nm左右的片层并均匀分散在橡胶基体中.蒙脱土的存在对橡胶的硫化反应有一定的影响,有机蒙脱土对橡胶硫化反应有催化作用,但不改变硫化反应的活化能;Na-蒙脱土片层阻碍了橡胶的硫化交联,使交联反应对温度的敏感性降低,导致表观活化能减小.有机蒙脱土填充补强丁苯橡胶,由于提高了橡胶的交联密度,同时有机蒙脱土具有高比表面积和滑移性,大大提高了橡胶的机械性能,其拉伸强度和300%定伸应力与炭黑N330补强橡胶相当,而断裂伸长率较炭黑补强橡胶有大幅度的提高,在替代炭黑作为橡胶的补强剂方面具有广泛的应用前景.
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