采用小型固体火箭发动机研究了3D C/SiC复合材料喷管的烧蚀性能,分析了3D C/SiC的烧蚀机理及燃气参数对烧蚀性能的影响.结果表明,喷管喉部线烧蚀率为0.128±40.088mm/s,质量烧蚀率为0.166kg/(m2.s);受喷管内燃气组分、温度、压强和流速等环境参数的影响,3D C/SiC的烧蚀涉及不同机理的非均匀烧蚀.喉部及其上下游过渡区域烧蚀最严重,收敛段其次,扩散段烧蚀最弱.烧蚀过程是热物理化学侵蚀和机械剥蚀综合作用的结果:涉及SiC的分解流失,SiC和碳纤维的氧化烧蚀,还涉及低速Al2O3大粒子的机械化学侵蚀,高速Al2O3小粒子的机械侵蚀等.
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