以5×10-4s-1(慢速拉伸)和2×10-2 s-1(快速拉伸) 2种应变速率对EN1.4318(AISI301L)和EN1.4301(AISI304)冷轧和退火态奥氏体不锈钢板试样(厚度为2 mm)进行了拉伸实验,用TEM,SEM以及XRD分析应变诱发α'-马氏体转变机制和转变量.结果表明,相同应变速率拉伸时,EN1.4318钢的α'-马氏体转变量远远高于EN1.4301钢;快速拉伸可明显抑制冷轧EN1.4318钢中α'-马氏体的转变速率,降低硬化率.在均匀变形阶段,2种钢中α'-马氏体的转变速率和转变量比慢速拉伸时有不同程度地下降,而且冷轧比退火态更显著.奥氏体稳定性较高的EN1.4301钢,常温拉伸α'-马氏体转变饱和值低于0.3(体积分数),增强效果小,快速拉伸导致较快发生塑性失稳和均匀延伸率大幅降低;而对于层错能低、α'-马氏体饱和值很高的EN1.4318钢,快速托伸则使抗拉强度大幅降低,而且下降的幅度随α'-马氏体饱和值增加而增大;EN1.4318钢的应变速率敏感性远大于EN1.4301钢.
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