生物柴油是一种绿色、可再生能源,具有良好的发展前景.由于稀土元素具有独特的电子价态,大多采用稀土改性固体酸催化高酸油脂预酯化和酯交换制备生物柴油,改善了传统方法的缺点.本文综述了稀土改性固体酸的研究进展,指出了催化剂活性增强的原因;介绍了形成机理与催化机理;分析了各种制备工艺的优缺点;阐述了稀土改性固体酸在催化合成生物柴油中具有良好的催化效率和重复使用率,展望了稀土改性固体酸在制备生物柴油领域中未来发展前景.
Biodiesel is a kind of environment-friendly and renewable energy and has a good prospect for development.Currently,biodiesel can be prepared through transesterification and esterification reaction in the presence solid acid catalysts of rare earth,which improves the disadvantages of the traditional methods due to the rare earth elements have unique electronic valence.This paper mainly summarizes the research on solid acid catalysts of rare earth,pointing out the reasons for increased activity,introducing the formation mechanism and the catalytic mechanism,analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of various preparation methods,describing the solid acid catalysts of rare earth with a good catalytic efficiency and reuse in the preparation of biodiesel.Finally,it outlooks the future prospects of the catalysts in the field of biodiesel.
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