采用23a的多时相TM及OLI遥感影像数据,以定南县岭北稀土矿区作为研究案例,利用RULSE模型和GIS技术,通过对模型因子的合理选择,计算出矿区1990年、1999年、2008年和2013年的土壤侵蚀量.定量分析矿区土壤侵蚀的空间分布特征和演变规律,以及不同的稀土开采模式对土壤侵蚀的影响.结果表明,尽管矿区总体侵蚀状况不太严重,但剧烈侵蚀面积较大,是矿区水土流失的主要来源;自1999年后,矿区土壤侵蚀状况向两级化方向发展,池浸、堆浸工艺将植被茂密的山地变成裸露地表,直接改变了矿区的土地利用方式及植被覆盖状况,一定程度上造成矿区地表侵蚀急剧变化;矿点裸露地表区是矿区土壤侵蚀最为严重的区域,在矿区总体侵蚀情况趋向好转的情况下,随着矿点规模持续扩大,矿点裸露地表区的土壤侵蚀有加剧趋势.
Ionic rare earth ore mining has aroused people's concern for it causing serious ecological environment problems such as the soil erosion and the land degradation in mining area.The paper calculated soil erosion intensity of Lingbei rare earth miming area in Dingnan County in the years of 1990,1999,2008 and 2013 respectively.Tackling 23 years long TM and OLI remote sensing data with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RULSE) model and the GIS technique,we quantitatively analyzed spatial distribution and evolution law of soil erosion in mining area,and the soil erosion influence under different rare earth mining models.The results showed that although the total erosion situation is not too serious in mining area,the severe erosion area is larger.It is the main source of soil erosion in mining area.Since 1999,the soil erosion status in mining area is to the direction of two levels of development,mountain of lush vegetation becomes bare surface because of pool leaching/heap leaching process,it directly changed the way of land use and vegetation status in mining area,is the most likely cause of the rapid changes in surface erosion.The most serious soil erosion is mines area in mining area,as the scale continues to expand,the soil erosion in mines area have intensified trend in the whole mining area erosion tending to get better.
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