测定了龙南足洞原地浸析多年后的尾矿中不同空间位置上的稀土和铵残留量,以及尾矿中的粘土矿物对稀土和铵的吸附等温线.结果表明,粘土矿物对稀土的吸附符合朗格缪尔等温线方程,对低浓度稀土有强吸附能力;而对铵的吸附等温线呈直线关系,不符合朗格缪尔等温线方程.尾矿粘土中铵的纯水浸出实验证明,尾矿中的铵可被水浸出而流失.用粘土矿物对稀土和铵的吸附特征差别和矿层内部的渗透特征差别解释了注液区域矿层内部从全风化层到半风化层方向铵和稀土残留量的上升趋势.因此,尾矿中铵和稀土含量的分布可以直接反映原地浸出效果的好坏以及铵的流失情况,用于讨论离子吸附型稀土矿床的内部结构与渗流特征.
In this paper,the distribution of residual rare earth and ammonium in the tailing of an ion adsorption rare earth deposit after many years of in-situ leaching was determined,and the adsorption isotherms of clay minerals in the tailing for rare earth and for ammonium were investigated.It was found that the adsorption of rare earth by clay minerals can be fitted with Langmuir isotherm equation,showing strong adsorption capacity on the low concentration of rare earth.However,the adsorption isotherm of caly mineral on ammonium shows linear relationship and can not be fitted with Langmuir isotherm equation.These facts indicate that the adsorbed ammonium is easy to loss when the clay minerals contacting with water,but the rare earth not.Therefore,the increase of residual ammonium and rare earth along the direction from weathered layer to half weathering layer can be illustrated by using the difference of adsorption characterization of ammonium and rare earth on the clays and the water permeability in the different parts of deposit.The distribution model of residual ammonium and rare earth can directly reflect the stand or fall of in-situ leaching effect,as well as the deposit structure and water permeability in different directions or districts,because the distribution model of residual ammonium is associated with the water quantity with which the clay contact and is also associated with the water permeability to different parts in the deposit.
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