为了达到越来越苛刻的内燃机排放标准,减轻车身重量以降低燃油消耗是近年来车辆行业的重要发展方向之一.采用热喷涂方法 在铝合金或铸铁气缸内壁喷涂减摩、耐磨并耐腐蚀的涂层代替传统铸铁缸套具有广阔的应用前景.首先介绍制备气缸内壁涂层的工艺流程,主要阐述现有制备气缸涂层的超音速火焰喷涂、电弧喷涂、大气等离子喷涂和等离子转移弧线材喷涂等工艺的原理,对不同热喷涂工艺特点进行了总结,阐明不同热喷涂方法获得的涂层结构特点.通过列举国内外车辆制造商先进热喷涂涂层的应用实例,进一步分析各类涂层的优缺点.最后提出优化喷涂参数、开发新型喷涂材料、控制涂层内应力和应对未来生物燃料是汽车气缸涂层的下一步研究方向.
In order to meet rigorous combustion engine emission standards, reduction of vehicle weight for minimum fuel consumption has become a major trend in automobile industry. Thermal spraying technology has found its way in depositing a layer of antiwear, wearproof and corrosion resistant coating on the inner wall of aluminum alloy or cast iron cylinder instead of using traditional cast iron cylinder liner. Fabrication process of the inner wall coating for cylinder liner was introduced first, such process principles of depositing coatings on the inner wall as high-velocity oxy-fuel spraying, arc spraying, atmospheric plasma spraying and plasma transferred wire arc spraying were mainly discussed. The different thermal spray processes were reviewed and characteristics of corresponding coatings were compared. Based on the application examples of advanced thermal sprayed coatings fabricated by domestic and foreign vehicle manufacturers, the advantages and disadvantages of various inner wall coatings were analyzed. Finally, it was proposed that the research direction of the cylinder coatings covered optimization of spraying parameters, development of new spraying materials, control of coating internal stress and response to future biofuel.
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