目的 研究58SiMn高强度钢表面完整性评价指标受切削参数影响的变化规律.方法 分别设计单因素和正交试验,采用涂层硬质合金刀具对58SiMn高强度钢进行车削加工试验,通过采集相关数据,分别讨论了切削深度、进给速度和切削速度变化对表面粗糙度、残余应力、显微硬度和表层微观组织变化等方面的影响.结果 进给速度对表面粗糙度的影响最显著,切削速度次之,切削深度的变化对表面粗糙度无直接影响.已加工表面的残余应力随切削速度和进给量的增大而增大.显微硬度随切削深度的增大而减小,随进给量的增大而增大,层深上的显微硬度则呈现先减小后增大的趋势.表层微观组织受切削速度影响不大,未出现明显的相变和晶粒歪曲.结论 降低进给速度是减小工件表面粗糙度最直接有效的方法,提高切削速度并不能使表面粗糙度明显减小.工件表面的轴向和切向残余应力均为拉应力,为提高零件使用性能,应采取相应的措施使之转化为压应力.
The work aims to study the effects of cutting parameters on surface integrity evaluation index of 58SiMn high strength steel. Based on single factor- and orthogonal experimental designs, coated carbide-tipped tools were utilized to machine 58SiMn high strength steel. By collecting relevant data, the effects of cutting depth, feed rate and cutting speed variation on sur-face roughness, residual stress, microhardness and surface microstructure were discussed. Feed rate had most significant effect on surface roughness, cutting speed the second and cutting depth had no direct effect on surface roughness. Residual stress of machined surface increased as the cutting speed and feed rate increased. Microhardness increased as the cutting depth increased and decreased as the feed rate increased. Microhardness at layer depth first decreased and then increased. Cutting speed had no obvious effect on surface microstructure, and no significant phase transition and grain distortion was present. The most effective method of reducing surface roughness is decreasing feed rate. Increasing cutting speed has no significant effect in this regard. Axial and tangential residual stresses are both tensile. In order to improve usability of parts, corresponding measures shall be taken to transfer the stresses to compressive ones.
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