空蚀和沙浆冲蚀是对包括水轮机在内的水力机械过流元件产生破坏,进而降低其服役寿命的两种主要破坏形式.采用特定的工艺在水轮机过流元件基体材料表面沉积涂层,以提高元件的抗蚀性能受到越来越多的关注.综述了水轮机常用金属材料和近年来国内外研究人员对水轮机材料及其涂层空蚀和冲蚀失效机理的研究进展,针对国内外文献报道中采用的超音速火焰啧涂、激光熔覆、物理气相沉积和化学气相沉积等工艺制备的涂层的抗空蚀和沙浆冲蚀性能进行了重点论述.依据材料性质对文献中出现的表面强化材料进行分类,即合金材料、陶瓷材料、复合材料、金属玻璃材料和类金刚石材料五类,结合涂层制备工艺对各类涂层失效机理进行剖析.通过案例重点讨论了涂层的微观缺陷,如孔隙、裂纹、未熔颗粒,涂层的硬度,涂层与基材的结合强度,涂层的厚度等因素对抗蚀性能的影响.最后对其研究和应用现状,从工艺方法和材料两方面提出了展望,指出运用先进涂层技术和新型涂层材料制备高效涂层,是解决复杂多相流条件下空蚀和冲蚀联合问题的有效途径.
参考文献
| [1] | Mamata Kumari Padhy;R.P. Saini.A review on silt erosion in hydro turbines[J].Renewable & sustainable energy reviews,20087(7):1974-1987. |
| [2] | M.K. Padhy.Effect of size and concentration of silt particles on erosion of Pelton turbine buckets[J].Energy,200910(10):1477. |
| [3] | Pankaj P. Gohil;R.P. Saini.Coalesced effect of cavitation and silt erosion in hydro turbines-A review[J].Renewable & sustainable energy reviews,2014May(May):280-289. |
| [4] | Kumar, R. K.;Seetharamu, S.;Kamaraj, M..Quantitative evaluation of 3D surface roughness parameters during cavitation exposure of 16Cr-5Ni hydro turbine steel[J].Wear: an International Journal on the Science and Technology of Friction, Lubrication and Wear,2014:16-24. |
| [5] | Y.K.Lee;C.S.Choi.Driving force for #gamma# -> #epsilon# martensitic transformation and stacking fault energy of #gamma# in Fe-Mn binary system[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, A. Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science,20002(2):355-360. |
| [6] | B. S. Mann.High-energy particle impact wear resistance of hard coatings and their application in hydroturbines[J].Wear: an International Journal on the Science and Technology of Friction, Lubrication and Wear,20001(1):140-146. |
| [7] | J. F. Santa;J. C. Baena;A. Toro.Slurry erosion of thermal spray coatings and stainless steels for hydraulic machinery[J].Wear: an International Journal on the Science and Technology of Friction, Lubrication and Wear,20071/6(1/6):258-264. |
| [8] | H. S. Arora;H. S. Grewal;H. Singh;S. Mukherjee.Zirconium based bulk metallic glass - Better resistance to slurry erosion compared to hydroturbine steel[J].Wear: an International Journal on the Science and Technology of Friction, Lubrication and Wear,20131/2(1/2):28-34. |
| [9] | B. Qin;Z. Y. Wang;Q. S. Sun.Effect of tempering temperature on properties of 00Crl6Ni5Mo stainless steel[J].Materials Characterization,20088(8):1096-1100. |
| [10] | M. Al Dawood;I. S. El Mahallawi;M. E. Abd El Azim.Thermal aging of 16Cr-5Ni-1Mo stainless steel/Part 1 - Microstructural analysis[J].Materials Science and Technology: MST: A publication of the Institute of Metals,20043(3):363-369. |
| [11] | Y.Y. Song;D.H. Ping;F.X. Yin;X.Y. Li;Y.Y. Li.Microstructural evolution and low temperature impact toughness of aFe–13%Cr–4%Ni–Mo martensitic stainless steel[J].Materials Science & Engineering, A. Structural Materials: Properties, Misrostructure and Processing,20103(3):614-618. |
| [12] | Chen Haosheng;Liu Shihan.Inelastic damages by stress wave on steel surface at the incubation stage of vibration cavitation erosion[J].Wear: an International Journal on the Science and Technology of Friction, Lubrication and Wear,20091/2(1/2):69-75. |
| [13] | Kevin J. Stein;Brian S. Schorr;Arnold R. Marder.Erosion of thermal spray MCr-Cr{sub}3C{sub}2 cermet coatings[J].Wear: an International Journal on the Science and Technology of Friction, Lubrication and Wear,19991(1):153-159. |
| [14] | L. Jacobs;M. M. Hyland;M. De Bonte.Study of the influence of microstructural properties on the sliding-wear behavior of HVOF and HVAF sprayed WC-cermet coatings[J].Journal of Thermal Spray Technology,19991(1):125-132. |
| [15] | 李阳;李曙;刘阳;王华仁.WC-Co-Cr涂层的孔率和层状结构对冲蚀行为的影响[J].摩擦学学报,2011(3):228-234. |
| [16] | C. S. Ramesh;D. S. Devaraj;R. Keshavamurthy;B. R. Sridhar.Slurry erosive wear behaviour of thermally sprayed Inconel-718 coatings by APS process[J].Wear: an International Journal on the Science and Technology of Friction, Lubrication and Wear,20119/10(9/10):1365-1371. |
| [17] | Wu Yuping;Lin Pinghua;Chu Chenglin.Cavitation erosion characteristics of a Fe-Cr-Si-B-Mn coating fabricated by high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spray[J].Materials Letters,20078/9(8/9):1867-1872. |
| [18] | L. A. Espitia;A. Toro.Cavitation resistance, microstructure and surface topography of materials used for hydraulic components[J].Tribology International,201011(11):2037-2045. |
| [19] | J. F. Santa;L. A. Espitia;J. A. Blanco;S. A. Romo;A. Toro.Slurry and cavitation erosion resistance of thermal spray coatings[J].Wear: an International Journal on the Science and Technology of Friction, Lubrication and Wear,2009Pt.1(Pt.1):160-167. |
| [20] | Cheng FT.;Man HC.;Kwok CT..Laser surfacing of S31603 stainless steel with engineering ceramics for cavitation erosion resistance[J].Surface & Coatings Technology,20011(1):14-24. |
| [21] | Kenichi Sugiyama;Shuhei Nakahama;Shuji Hattori;Keisuke Nakano.Slurry wear and cavitation erosion of thermal-sprayed cermets[J].Wear: an International Journal on the Science and Technology of Friction, Lubrication and Wear,20055/6(5/6):768-775. |
| [22] | 龚国芳;曲敬信;杨华勇.高岭土填充改性超高分子量聚乙烯的浆体冲蚀磨损特性[J].摩擦学学报,2001(4):266-269. |
| [23] | 栾道成;丁武成;李茂华.聚氨酯-Si3N4陶瓷复合材料浆体冲蚀磨损性能研究[J].摩擦学学报,2004(3):268-271. |
| [24] | Qin, C.P.;Zheng, Y.G.;Wei, R..Cavitation erosion behavior of nanocomposite Ti-Si-C-N and Ti/Ti-Si-C-N coatings deposited on 2Cr13 stainless steel using a Plasma Enhanced Magnetron Sputtering process[J].Surface & Coatings Technology,201021/22(21/22):3530-3538. |
| [25] | Greer AL.METALLIC GLASSES [Review][J].Science,19955206(5206):1947-1953. |
| [26] | A.Inoue.Stabilization of metallic supercooled liquid and bulk amorphous alloys[J].Acta materialia,20001(1):279-306. |
| [27] | Jan Schroers.Processing of Bulk Metallic Glass[J].Advanced Materials,201014(14):1566-1597. |
| [28] | Tam RCY;Shek CH.Abrasion resistance of Cu based bulk metallic glasses[J].Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids: A Journal Devoted to Oxide, Halide, Chalcogenide and Metallic Glasses, Amorphous Semiconductors, Non-Crystalline Films, Glass-Ceramics and Glassy Composites,20041/3(1/3):268-272. |
| [29] | Gerke, L.;Stella, J.;Schauer, J.-C.;Pohl, M.;Winter, J..Cavitation erosion resistance of a-C:H coatings produced by PECVD on stainless steel and NiTi substrates[J].Surface & Coatings Technology,201021/22(21/22):3418-3424. |
上一张
下一张
上一张
下一张
计量
- 下载量()
- 访问量()
文章评分
- 您的评分：
-
10%
-
20%
-
30%
-
40%
-
50%