具有气凝胶结构特征的C/SiO2和C/SiC复合材料因其多样的结构存在形式和多孔、轻质、耐高温等特性,在高温隔热、吸附、催化、储氢、光电等多种领域具有广泛的应用前景和研究价值.依据硅源与碳源的不同引入方式,本文综述了采用共聚法、浸入法和聚合物先驱体热解法制备的具有气凝胶结构特征的C/SiO2和C/SiC复合材料的研究现状.借助碳材料与SiO2两者间的相对存在形式,探讨了这三种工艺方法制备C/SiO2和C/SiC复合材料的工艺特点,分析了材料所呈现的组织结构特征、合成机理和性能特点,并对其潜在的应用前景进行了展望.硅与碳之间多样的复合方式使C/SiO2和C/SiC复合材料呈现出多样的材料特征和特性,为相关研究开辟了新的方向.
C/SiO2 and C/SiC composites featuring the structures of aerogels possess diverse structural characteristics.Due to their unique properties,such as porosity,low density and high temperature resistance,C/SiO2 and C/SiC composites can be widely applied in the fields including high temperature thermal insulation,absorption,catalysis,hydrogen storage,and photoelectricity.In this paper,an overview of the literature is presented on C/SiO2 and C/SiC composites featuring aerogel structures.According to the introducing methods of silicon and carbon sources,these composites can usually be synthesized by three methods:co-polymerization,impregnation and polymeric precursor pyrolysis.The technological characteristics of the three methods are discussed in accordance with relative existence between carbon and silica.Meanwhile,the characteristics of microstructures,crosslinking mechanisms and the physical properties are analyzed.Some researchful proposals for further developments are proposed.In our opinions,the diverse methods of compositing carbon and silicon result in various characteristics and properties of C/SiO2 and C/SiC composites,which expands relevant research fields.
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