自从1992年首次报道介孔氧化硅分子筛M41S系列以来,人们采用各种商业化表面活性剂为模板,合成了多种骨架组成、丰富的有序介观结构、不同孔径尺寸的介孔材料,并将其应用在能源、环境、催化等诸多领域.然而,由于常规商业化模板剂的分子量大小有限,合成的介孔材料具有较小的孔径(＜8.0 nm),从而极大地限制了其面对大尺寸客体分子的相关应用.此外,利用常规模板剂难以合成出具有晶化墙壁的介孔金属氧化物材料.近年来,大分子量两亲性嵌段共聚物相继被报道用来合成新型介孔材料,本文将综述基于这种嵌段共聚物为模板剂合成各种具有大孔径和晶化墙壁介孔材料的研究进展.
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