以短切炭纤维、氮化硅为原料,采用凝胶注模工艺,在1600℃、N2气氛下无压烧结制备了夹层结构Cf-Si3N4复合材料.采用网络矢量分析仪测试了夹层结构Cf-Si3N4复合材料在X波段的介电响应行为,并通过理论建模深入分析了该复合材料的微波介电响应机理.结果表明:短切炭纤维呈二维分布的夹层结构,Cf-Si3N4复合材料介电常数随着炭纤维面密度增加存在“阈值”现象.通过修正Debye模型,提出了夹层结构Cf-Si3N4复合材料在炭纤维形成导通网络后的介电响应理论模型,揭示了夹层结构CrSi3N4复合材料介电损耗频散特性的机理.研究结果还表明,在短切炭纤维刚刚形成导通网络时,复合材料的弛豫时间存在较大分散性,介电常数可采用多弛豫时间函数分段描述法.随着炭纤维面密度逐步增加,弛豫时间的分散性减小,分段弛豫时间函数演化成单一弛豫时间理论模型.
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