稀土离子掺杂上转换纳米颗粒具有独特的光谱学特征,在太阳能利用、三维显示和生物医学等众多领域有着广泛的应用价值.然而,传统基于统计平均效应的上转换纳米颗粒群体性光谱学研究忽视了众多来自单个颗粒的非均一性信息.单颗粒光谱检测成为一种突破上述瓶颈,获取源自纳米颗粒非均一性本征结构的独特光谱现象,并实现单个纳米颗粒器件化的有效技术手段.对于单个纳米颗粒电子行为的研究能够揭示来自微结构本身的信息,甚至能够在没有介质干扰下清晰洞见材料本征结构和外部作用的相互影响,从而为制备高质量的纳米颗粒提供指导意义.同时,单颗粒光谱检测也具有在微纳米尺度探索晶体结构各向异性光学特性及一些尚未预见的新型光学现象的强大能力.本文介绍了单个纳米颗粒上转换发光表征的重要性以及常见的几种检测方法.论述了单颗粒上转换发光的一些最新研究成果,并对未来发展方向进行了展望.
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